Government of Republic of Ethiopia/title> <meta name = "format-detection" content = "telephone=no" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">  <meta name="author" content="Marc Schulman"> <meta name="keywords" content="Info,Comoros, History,"> <meta name="description" content="Government of Republic of Ethiopia"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="../../images/fav_icon.ico">  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/font-awesome.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/responsive.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/owl.carousel.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../plugins/flexslider/flexslider.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="../../css/animate.css">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XEJ1D37VR5"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-XEJ1D37VR5'); </script> </head> <body class="wide_layout"> <div class="wrapper_container"> <header role="banner" class="header header_3">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XEJ1D37VR5"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-XEJ1D37VR5'); </script> <div class="h_top_part"> <div class="pre_header"> <style> .header_ad { width: 300px; height: 250px; } @media(min-width: 800px) { .header_ad { width: 728px; height: 90px; } } @media(min-width: 1024px) { .header_ad { width: 970px; height: 250px; } } </style>  <ins class="adsbygoogle header_ad" style="display:inline-block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3974071567099242" data-ad-slot="4988951866"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12">  <div class="header_top mobile_menu"> <nav> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Educators/Index.html">Educators</a></li> <li><a href="https://ww.historycentral.com/Students/Index.html">Students</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.multieducator.net/history.html">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="https://ww.historycentral.com/Contact.html">Contact</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="menu_wrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-12"> <a href="https://www.historycentral.com" class="logo"><img src="https://www.historycentral.com/images/HistoryCentralHeadTag.svg" alt=""width="140" height="60">></a> </div> <div class="col-lg-10 col-md-12"> <div class="clearfix">  <button id="menu_button"> Menu </button>  <nav role="navigation" class="main_menu menu_var3"> <ul> <li class="current"><a href="https://www.historycentral.com">Home<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/dates/">World<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/dates/MainBeforeBC.html">5000 BC-0 BC</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/dates/Main1000AD.html">1 AD- 1500 AD</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/WH1400-1900/Index.html">1400-1899</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/20thCent.html">20th Century</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/USHistory.html">US<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/explorers/Index.html">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/TheColonies/Index.html">Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Revolt/index.html">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/NN/Index.html">New Nation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Ant/Index.html">Antebellum</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/index.html">Civil WAr</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/rec/index.html">Reconstruction Industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/WStage/Index.html">World Stage</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/TheTwenties/Index.html">Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/DEP/Index.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/ww2/index.html">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/postwar/index.html">Postwar</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/sixty/index.html">Sixties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Today/Index.html">1975-2000</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Today/21st.html">2001-2020</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/elections/index.html">Elections<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/wars.html">Wars<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Revolt/index.html">Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/1812/Index.html">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/mexican/index.html">Mexican American</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/CivilWar/index.html">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/spanish/index.html">Spanish American</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/ww1/index.html">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/ww2/index.html">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/korea/index.html">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/Vietnam/index.html">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/desert_storm/index.html">First Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/enduringfreedom/index.html">Enduring Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/freeIraq/Index.html">Iraqi Freedom</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="#">Specials<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/AfiricanAmerican/Index.html">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Indians/index.html">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Women/Index.html">Women</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/ImmigrationStats/Index.html">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/navy/index.html">US Navy Ships</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/stations/index.html">Railroads</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/aviation/index.html">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/documents/index.html">Documents</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Games.html">History Games</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/index.html">People<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/presidents/index.html">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/ladies/index.html">First Ladies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/people/index.html">20th Century Bios</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/FDR/Index.html">FDR Biography</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/JFK/Index.html">JFK Biography</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/Index.html">Civics<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a>  <div class="sub_menu_wrap type_2 clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/Pres/Presidency.html">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/CONGRESS/Congress.html">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/Courts/Courts.html">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/federal/Federalism.html">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Civics/Bill/Bill.html">Bill of Rights</a></li> </ul> </div ></li> <li><a href="https://historycentral.com/States/index.html">States<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Reviews.html">Reviews<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/historycentral">YouTube<span class="plus"><i class="fa fa-plus-square-o"></i><i class="fa fa-minus-square-o"></i></span></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script async src='https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=partner-pub-3974071567099242:3937234022'></script><div class="gcse-searchbox-only"></div> </header>  <div class="content"> <div align="center"></div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="section text_post_block"> <h2 align="center" class="section_title section_title_big"> Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</h2> <div> <div align="center"> <table width="65%" border="0" cellspacing="12" cellpadding="12"> <tr> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Index.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Information@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="34%"><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Economy@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Geography@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Index.html">Basic</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html">Economy</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html">Geography</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Government@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/History@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href=MILITARY.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Military@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html">Government</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html">History</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="MILITARY.html">Military</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/People@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Tourism@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Transportation@2x.png" width="51" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html">People</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html">Tourism</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html">Transportation</a></div></td> </table> </div> <div align="center"></div> <td width="445"> <p> </p> <h1 align="center">Government</h1> <div align="left"></div></td> </div> </div></div> <div class="container"> <p><br> <br> conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</p> <p>conventional short form: Ethiopia</p> <p>local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik</p> <p>local short form: Ityop'iya</p> <p>former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa</p> <p>abbreviation: FDRE</p> <p>etymology: the country name derives from the Greek word "Aethiopia," which in classical times referred to lands south of Egypt in the Upper Nile region</p> <p>Government type<br> federal parliamentary republic</p> <p><strong>Capital</strong><br> name: Addis Ababa</p> <p>geographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 E</p> <p>time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)</p> <p>etymology: the name in Amharic means "new flower" and was bestowed on the city in 1889, three years after its founding</p> <p><strong>Administrative divisions</strong><br> 10 ethnically based regional states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sidama, Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples)</p> <p><strong>Independence</strong><br> oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C.)</p> <p>National holiday<br> Derg Downfall Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)</p> <p><strong>Constitution</strong><br> history: several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995</p> <p>amendments: proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils</p> <p><strong>Legal system</strong><br> civil law system</p> <p>International law organization participation<br> has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt</p> <p><strong>Citizenship</strong><br> citizenship by birth: no</p> <p>citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopia</p> <p>dual citizenship recognized: no</p> <p>residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years</p> <p><strong>Suffrage</strong><br> 18 years of age; universal</p> <p><strong>Executive branch</strong><br> chief of state: President SAHLE-WORK Zewde (since 25 October 2018) (2018)</p> <p>head of government: Prime Minister ABIY Ahmed Ali (since April 2018, began a new five year term on 4 October 2021); Deputy Prime Minister DEMEKE Mekonnen Hassen (since 29 November 2012) (2021)</p> <p>cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives</p> <p>elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by both chambers of Parliament for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election held on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (the scheduled 29 August 2020 election was postponed by Prime Minister ABIY due to the COVID-19 pandemic); prime minister designated by the majority party following legislative elections</p> <p>election results: SAHLE-WORK Zewde elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); ABIY Ahmed confirmed Prime Minister by House of Peoples' Representatives (4 October 2021)</p> <p>note: SAHLE-WORK Zewde is the first female elected head of state in Ethiopia; she is currently the only female president in Africa. Former President Dr. Mulatu TESHOME resigned on 25 October 2018, one year ahead of finishing his six-year term.</p> <p><strong>Legislative branch</strong><br> description: bicameral Parliament consists of:<br> House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)<br> House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)</p> <p>elections: House of Federation - last held 24 May 2015 (next originally scheduled on 29 August 2020 but postponed a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic)<br> House of People's Representatives - last held on 24 May 2015 (next election to be held June 2021)</p> <p>election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 104, women 49, percent of women 32%<br> House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - EPRDF 501, SPDP 24, BGPDUP 9, ANDP 8, GPUDM 3, APDO 1, HNL 1; composition - men 335, women 212, percent of women 38.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 37.3%</p> <p>note: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation</p> <p><strong>Judicial branch</strong><br> highest courts: Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issues</p> <p>judge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60</p> <p>subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts</p> <p><strong>Political parties and leaders<br> national parties:</strong><br> All Ethiopian Unity Organization<br> Alliance for Multination Democratic Federalism <br> National Movement of Amhara<br> Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] <br> Ethiopian Democratic Union<br> Ethiopian Federal Democratic Unity Forum or MEDREK<br> Ethiopian Freedom Party<br> Ethiopian National Unity Party<br> Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party<br> Ethiopian Social Democratic Party<br> Federalist Democratic Forum<br> Freedom and Equality Party<br> Hedase Party<br> Hiber Ethiopia Democratic Party<br> Mother Party<br> New Generation Party<br> Oromo Federalist Congress<br> Prosperity Party or PP</p> <p>regional parties:<br> Afar Liberation Front Party or ANDF<br> Afar People’s Justice Democratic Party<br> Afar People’s Party or APP<br> Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front<br> Agew National Congress<br> Amhara Democratic Force Movement<br> Arena Tigray for Democracy and Sovereignty<br> Argoba People’s Democratic Organization or APDO<br> Argoba Nationality Democratic Movement<br> Balderas for True Democracy<br> Benishangul People’s Freedom Movement for Peace and Democracy Organization<br> Benishangul People's Liberation Movement<br> Boro Democratic Party<br> Donga People’s Democratic Organization<br> Gambella People’s Freedom Democratic Movement<br> Gambella People’s Freedom Movement<br> Gambella People Justice, Peace and Development Democratic Movement<br> Gambella People’s Liberation Movement<br> Gamo Democratic Party or GDP<br> Gedio People Democratic Organization<br> Harari Democratic Organization<br> Kafa Green Party<br> Kafa Peoples Democratic Union<br> Kimant Democratic Party<br> Kucha People's Democratic Party<br> Mocha Democratic Party<br> National Movement of Amhara<br> National Movement of Wolaita<br> Ogaden National Liberation Front or ONLF<br> Oromo Freedom Movement<br> Oromo Liberation Front<br> Qucha People Democratic Party<br> Raya Rayuma Democratic Party<br> Renaissance Party <br> Sidama Freedom Movement or Sidama Liberation Movement<br> Sidama Hadicho People’s Democratic Organization<br> Sidama People’s Unity Democratic Organization<br> Sidama Unity Party<br> Tigray Democratic Party<br> Union of Tigrians for Democracy and Sovereignty<br> West Somali Democratic Party<br> Wolayta National Movement<br> Wolayta People’s Democratic Front<br> Wolene People's Democratic Party (2020)</p> <p>notes - Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. The ruling party, the Prosperity Party, was created by Prime Minister ABIY in November 2019 from member parties of the former Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), which included the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), plus other EPRDF-allied parties such as the Afar National Democratic Party (ANDP), Benishangul Gumuz People’s Democratic Party (BGPDP), Gambella People’s Democratic Movement (GPDM), Somali People’s Democratic Party (SPDP), and the Harari National League (HNL). Once the Prosperity Party was created, the various ethnically-based parties that comprised or were affiliated with the EPRDF were subsequently disbanded; in January 2021, the Ethiopian electoral board de-registered the Tigray People’s Liberation Front or TPLF; national level parties are qualified to register candidates in multiple regions across Ethiopia; regional parties can register candidates for both national and regional parliaments, but only in one region of Ethiopia</p> <p> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3974071567099242" data-ad-slot="5027193468"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script>  </p> </div></div></div> </p> </div></div></div><footer class="footer footer_3"> <div class="footer_top_part"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <div class="widget widget_text" data-appear-animation="fadeInDown" data-appear-animation-delay="1150"> <h3 class="widget_title">About</h3> <a href="../../index.html" class="logo"><img src="../../images/HistoryCentralHeadTag.svg" alt=""></a> <p><font size="-1" face="Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif"><strong>American history and world history can be found at historycental- History's home on the web. Explore our complete time lines of major events in American history as well as World History. Research our special sections on diverse subjects ranging from presidential elections to naval history. Whatever aspect of history you wish learn about, you will find it at Historycentral.com</strong></font></p> <div class="widget_social_icons clearfix"> <ul> <li class="facebook"> <span class="tooltip">Facebook</span> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/historyontheweb"> <i class="fa fa-facebook"></i> </a> </li><li class="twitter"> <span class="tooltip">Twitter</span> <a href="https://twitter.com/HistorycentralC"> <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i> </a> </li><li class="google_plus"> <span class="tooltip">Google+</span> <a href="https://plus.google.com/+historycentral"> <i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i> </a> </li> <li class="pinterest"> <span class="tooltip">Pinterest</span> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/marc1361/historycentral/"> <i class="fa fa-pinterest"></i> </a> </li> <li class="instagram"> <span class="tooltip">Instagram</span> <a href="https://instagram.com/historycentral/"> <i class="fa fa-instagram"></i> </a> </li> <li class="youtube"> <span class="tooltip">Youtube</span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/historycentral"> <i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <div class="widget side_bar_reviews clearfix" data-appear-animation="fadeInDown" data-appear-animation-delay="1150"> <h3 class="widget_title">Take A Look</h3> <ul> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="scale_image_container"> <a href="#"><img src="../../images/CompanyD10thUSVeteranReserveCorps.jpg" alt="" class="scale_image"></a> <div class="post_image_buttons"> <a href="https://www.historycentral.com/wars.html" class="button banner_button travel">Wars</a> <a href="#" class="icon_box"> <i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> </a> </div> </div><div class="post_text"> <div class="post_theme">Favorite Section</div> <a href="https://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/index.html"> <h4>Civil War</h4></a> <div class="event_date">J</div> </div> </li> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="scale_image_container"> <a href="#"><img src="../../images/BB61F.jpg" alt="" class="scale_image"></a> <div class="post_image_buttons"> <a href="#" class="button banner_button fashion">Navy</a> <a href="#" class="icon_box"> <i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> </a></div> </div> <div class="post_text"> <a href="https://www.historycentral.com/navy/index.html"> <h4>US Navy</h4></a> </div> <div class="event_date"></div> <li class="clearfix"> <div class="scale_image_container"> <a href="#"><img src="../../images/jfkkids.jpg" alt="" class="scale_image"></a> <div class="post_image_buttons"> <a href="https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/index.html" class="button banner_button business">Biography</a> <a href="#" class="icon_box"> <i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="post_text"> <a href="https://www.historycentral.com/JFK/Index.html"> <h4>JFK Historymaker</h4></a> <div class="event_date"></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <div class="widget widget_categories" data-appear-animation="fadeInDown" data-appear-animation-delay="1150"> <h3 class="widget_title">Popular Categories</h3> <ul class="categories_list"> <li> <ul> <li><a href="../../wars.html">Wars</a><span>1</span></li> <li><a href="../../elections/index.html">Elections</a><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="../../documents/index.html">Primary Sources</a><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="../../Revolt/index.html">Revolution</a><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="../../20th/index.html">Almanac</a><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="../../dates/index.html">World History</a><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="../../Vietnam/index.html">Vietnam War</a><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="../../Bio/presidents/index.html">Presidents</a><span>8</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="footer_bottom_part"> <div class="container clearfix"> <p>© 1996-2020 <span>Historycentral</span>. All Rights Reserved.</p> <div class="mobile_menu"> <nav> <ul> <li><a href="../../index.html">Home</a></li> <li><a href="../../wars.html">War</a></li> <li><a href="../../USHistory.html">American History</a></li> <li><a href="../../dates/index.html">World History</a></li> <li><a href="../../CivilWar/index.html">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="../../Historynews.html">History News</a></li> <li><a href="../../navy/index.html">Navy History</a></li> <li><a href="../../Privacy.html">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="../../About.html">About.html</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.multieducator.net/history.html">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="../../Dansueschulman/index.html">Personal</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  <script src="../../js/jquery-2.1.0.min.js"></script> <script src="../../plugins/flexslider/jquery.flexslider-min.js"></script> <script src="../../js/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script src="../../js/jquery.queryloader2.min.js"></script> <script src="../../js/jflickrfeed.js"></script> <script src="../../js/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> <script src="../../js/retina.js"></script> <script src="../../js/apear.js"></script> <script src="../../js/circles.min.js"></script> <script src="../../plugins/twitter/jquery.tweet.min.js"></script> <script src="../../js/plugins.js"></script> <script src="../../js/script.js"></script> <script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script> <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js"></script> <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>  <script type="text/javascript" async src="//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinit.js"></script> <script> var colors = [['#fa985d', '#ffffff']], circles = []; var child = document.getElementById('circles-1'); circles.push(Circles.create({ id: child.id, value: 6.2, radius: 14, width: 3, maxValue: 10, duration: 1000, text: function(value){return value;}, colors: ['#fa985d', '#ffffff'] })); var child = document.getElementById('circles-2'); circles.push(Circles.create({ id: child.id, value: 6.2, radius: 14, width: 3, maxValue: 10, duration: 1000, text: function(value){return value;}, colors: ['#fa985d', '#ffffff'] })); var child = document.getElementById('circles-3'); circles.push(Circles.create({ id: child.id, value: 6.2, radius: 14, width: 3, maxValue: 10, duration: 1000, text: function(value){return value;}, colors: ['#fa985d', '#ffffff'] })); var child = document.getElementById('circles-4'); circles.push(Circles.create({ id: child.id, value: 6.2, radius: 14, width: 3, maxValue: 10, duration: 1000, text: function(value){return value;}, colors: ['#fa985d', '#ffffff'] })); var child = document.getElementById('circles-5'); circles.push(Circles.create({ id: child.id, value: 6.2, radius: 14, width: 3, maxValue: 10, duration: 1000, text: function(value){return value;}, colors: ['#fa985d', '#ffffff'] })); var child = document.getElementById('circles-6'); circles.push(Circles.create({ id: child.id, value: 6.2, radius: 14, width: 3, maxValue: 10, duration: 1000, text: function(value){return value;}, colors: ['#fa985d', '#ffffff'] })); </script> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.3"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script> <!––blank –