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href="Index.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Information@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="34%"><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Economy@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Geography@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Index.html">Basic</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html">Economy</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html">Geography</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Government@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/History@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href=MILITARY.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Military@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html">Government</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html">History</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="MILITARY.html">Military</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/People@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Tourism@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Transportation@2x.png" width="51" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html">People</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html">Tourism</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html">Transportation</a></div></td> </table> </div> <div align="center"></div> <td width="445"> <p> </p> <h1 align="center">Government</h1> <div align="left"></div></td> </div> </div></div> <div class="container"> <p><br> conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran</p> <p>conventional short form: Iran</p> <p>local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran</p> <p>local short form: Iran</p> <p>former: Persia</p> <p>etymology: name derives from the Avestan term "aryanam" meaning "Land of the Noble [Ones]"</p> <p>Government type<br> theocratic republic</p> <p><strong>Capital</strong><br> name: Tehran</p> <p>geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E</p> <p>time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)</p> <p>daylight saving time: +1hr, begins fourth Wednesday in March; ends fourth Friday in September</p> <p>etymology: various explanations of the city's name have been proffered, but the most plausible states that it derives from the Persian words "tah" meaning "end or bottom" and "ran" meaning "[mountain] slope" to signify "bottom of the mountain slope"; Tehran lies at the bottom slope of the Elburz Mountains</p> <p><strong>Administrative divisions</strong><br> 31 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (East Azerbaijan), Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Jonubi (South Khorasan), Khorasan-e Razavi (Razavi Khorasan), Khorasan-e Shomali (North Khorasan), Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Bowyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan</p> <p>Independence<br> 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: ca. 550 B.C. (Achaemenid (Persian) Empire established); A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavid Dynasty); 1794 (beginning of Qajar Dynasty); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the PAHLAVI Dynasty)</p> <p><strong>National holiday</strong><br> Republic Day, 1 April (1979)</p> <p><strong>Constitution</strong><br> history: previous 1906; latest adopted 24 October 1979, effective 3 December 1979</p> <p>amendments: proposed by the supreme leader – after consultation with the Exigency Council – and submitted as an edict to the "Council for Revision of the Constitution," a body consisting of various executive, legislative, judicial, and academic leaders and members; passage requires absolute majority vote in a referendum and approval of the supreme leader; articles including Iran’s political system, its religious basis, and its form of government cannot be amended; amended 1989</p> <p><strong>Legal system</strong><br> religious legal system based on secular and Islamic law</p> <p>International law organization participation<br> has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt</p> <p><strong>Citizenship</strong><br> citizenship by birth: no</p> <p>citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Iran</p> <p>dual citizenship recognized: no</p> <p>residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years</p> <p><strong>Suffrage</strong><br> 18 years of age; universal</p> <p><strong>Executive branch</strong><br> chief of state: Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)</p> <p>head of government: President Ebrahim RAISI (since 18 June 2021); First Vice President Mohammad MOKHBER (since 8 August 2021)</p> <p>cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the supreme leader has some control over appointments to several ministries</p> <p>elections/appointments: supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 18 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2025)</p> <p>election results: 2021: Ebrahim RAISI elected president; percent of vote - Ebrahim RAISI (CCA) 72.4%, Mohsen REZAI (RFII) 13.8%, Abbdolnaser HEMATI (ECP) 9.8%, Amir-Hosein Qazizadeh-HASHEMI (Islamic Law Party) 4%</p> <p>2017: Hasan Fereidun RUHANI reelected president; percent of vote - Hasan Fereidun RUHANI (Moderation and Development Party) 58.8%, Ebrahim RAISI (Combat Clergy Association) 39.4% , Mostafa Mir-SALIM Islamic Coalition Party) 1.2%, Mostafa HASHEMI-TABA(Executives of Construction Party) 0.5%</p> <p>note: 3 oversight bodies are also considered part of the executive branch of government</p> <p><strong>Legislative branch</strong><br> description: unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami or Majles (290 seats; 285 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by 2-round vote, and 1 seat each for Zoroastrians, Jews, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, Armenians in the north of the country and Armenians in the south; members serve 4-year terms); note - all candidates to the Majles must be approved by the Council of Guardians, a 12-member group of which 6 are appointed by the supreme leader and 6 are jurists nominated by the judiciary and elected by the Majles</p> <p>elections: first round held on 21 February 2020 and second round for 11 remaining seats held on 11 September 2020 (next full Majles election to be held in 2024)</p> <p>election results: percent of vote by coalition (first round) - NA; seats by coalition (first round) - conservatives and hardliners 226, reformists 19, independents 40, religious minorities 5; as of June 2021 by-elections; composition - men 274, women 16, percent of women 5.6%</p> <p><strong>Judicial branch</strong><br> highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and organized into 42 two-bench branches, each with a justice and a judge)</p> <p>judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a single, renewable 5-year term; other judges appointed by the HJC; judge tenure NA</p> <p>subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts</p> <p><strong>Political parties and leaders</strong><br> Combatant Clergy Association (an active political group)<br> Executives of Construction Party<br> Followers of the Guardianship of the Jurisprudent [Ali LARIJANI]<br> Front of Islamic Revolutionary Stability [Morteza AGHA-TEHRANI, general secretary]<br> Islamic Coalition Party<br> Islamic Iran Participation Front [associated with former President Mohammed KHATAMI]<br> Islamic Law Party<br> Militant Clerics Society<br> Moderation and Development Party<br> National Trust Party<br> National Unity Party<br> Pervasive Coalition of Reformists [Ali SUFI, chairman] (includes Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front, National Trust Party, Union of Islamic Iran People Party, Moderation and Development Party)<br> Principlists Grand Coalition (includes Combatant Clergy Association and Islamic Coalition Party, Society of Devotees and Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution, Front of Islamic Revolution Stability)<br> Progress, Welfare, and Justice Front<br> Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran or PJP [Hosein GHORBANZADEH, general secretary]<br> Resistance Front of Islamic Iran [Yadollah HABIBI, general secretary]<br> Steadfastness Front<br> Union of Islamic Iran People's Party<br> Wayfarers of the Islamic Revolution</p> </div> </div> </div> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3974071567099242" data-ad-slot="5027193468"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 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