Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia’s annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to 34% today. In May 2017 Standard & Poor’s became the last major ratings agency to upgrade Indonesia’s sovereign credit rating to investment grade.
Poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions are still part of Indonesia’s economic landscape. President Joko WIDODO - elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized.
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions) | 101.91 | 122.45 | 612.25 | 1,059.51 |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 560 | 580 | 2,530 | 3,870 |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions) | 531.31 | 936.87 | 2,002.21 | 3,213.25 |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 2,930 | 4,430 | 8,280 | 11,750 |
| GDP (current US$) (billions) | 106.14 | 165.02 | 755.09 | 1,058.42 |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 7.2 | 4.9 | 6.2 | -2.1 |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 9.1 | 20.4 | 15.3 | -0.5 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 22 | 16 | 14 | 14 |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 39 | 42 | 43 | 38 |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 27 | 41 | 24 | 17 |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 26 | 30 | 22 | 16 |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 33 | 22 | 33 | 32 |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 20.2 | 18.7 | 14.5 | 12.3 |
| Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) | 0.4 | -0.3 | -0.7 | -2.2 |
| States and markets | ||||
| Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 77 | 13 |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 34.2 | 53.7 |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 19.1 | 11.6 | 10.5 | 9.8 |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0 | 1.7 | 87.4 | 130 |
| Individuals using the Internet (% of population) | 0 | 0.9 | 10.9 | 53.7 |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 12 | 8 |
| Statistical Capacity Score (Overall Average) (scale 0 - 100) | .. | .. | 87 | 86 |
| Global links | ||||
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 45 | 66 | 39 | 29 |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100) | 95 | 100 | 127 | 113 |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions) | 69,849 | 144,049 | 198,278 | 417,532 |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 33.5 | 22.8 | 18.7 | 36.7 |
| Net migration (thousands) | -35 | -1,150 | -454 | -495 |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions) | 166 | 1,190 | 6,916 | 9,651 |
| Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions) | 1,093 | -4,550 | 15,292 | 19,122 |
| Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions) | 1,592.60 | 1,645.40 | 1,323.80 | -630 |
