Ghana

People

On the basis of language and culture, historical geographers and cultural anthropologists classify the indigenous people of Ghana into five major groups. These are the Akan, the Ewe, MoleDagbane , the Guan, and the Ga-Adangbe.

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1990 2000 2010 2020
Population, total (millions) 14.77 19.28 24.78 31.07
Population growth (annual %) 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) 238.5 238.5 238.5 238.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 64.9 84.7 108.9 136.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) .. .. 24.2 ..
Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) 47.9 34.2 11.2 ..
Income share held by lowest 20% 6.6 5.8 5.4 ..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 57 57 61 64
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 5.6 4.8 4.3 3.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 110 84 73 65
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) 11 22 35 27
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 40 44 67 78
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 127 100 69 45
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) 24.8 20.1 13.4 12.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 61 90 93 92
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 66 69 88 94
School enrollment, primary (% gross) 71.4 82.9 103 103.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 35 35 56 78
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) 1 1 1 1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 1.2 2.5 2 1.7
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) 99.2 88.5 79.4 79.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) .. .. .. 7.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) 2.6 3.4 4.3 4.8
Urban population growth (annual %) 4.9 4.2 3.8 3.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) 358 326 299 ..
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.19 0.3 0.45 0.54
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 324 326 277 ..