On the basis of language and culture, historical geographers and cultural anthropologists classify the indigenous people of Ghana into five major groups. These are the Akan, the Ewe, MoleDagbane , the Guan, and the Ga-Adangbe.
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1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
Population, total (millions) | 14.77 | 19.28 | 24.78 | 31.07 |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 238.5 | 238.5 | 238.5 | 238.5 |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 64.9 | 84.7 | 108.9 | 136.6 |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | 24.2 | .. |
Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | 47.9 | 34.2 | 11.2 | .. |
Income share held by lowest 20% | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.4 | .. |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 57 | 57 | 61 | 64 |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 5.6 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 3.8 |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 110 | 84 | 73 | 65 |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 11 | 22 | 35 | 27 |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 40 | 44 | 67 | 78 |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 127 | 100 | 69 | 45 |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 24.8 | 20.1 | 13.4 | 12.6 |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 61 | 90 | 93 | 92 |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 66 | 69 | 88 | 94 |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 71.4 | 82.9 | 103 | 103.4 |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 35 | 35 | 56 | 78 |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 1.2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.7 |
Environment | ||||
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 99.2 | 88.5 | 79.4 | 79.9 |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 7.8 |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 2.6 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.8 |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.3 |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 358 | 326 | 299 | .. |
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 0.19 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 0.54 |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 324 | 326 | 277 | .. |