>Eritria
People
Eritrea's population is comprised of nine ethnic groups, most of which speak Semitic or Cushitic languages. The Tigrinya and Tigre make up four-fifths of the population and speak different, but related and somewhat mutually intelligible, Semitic languages. In general, most of the Christians live in the highlands, while Muslims and adherents of traditional beliefs live in the lowland regions. Tigrinya and Arabic are the most frequently used languages for commercial and official transactions, but English is widely spoken and is the language used for secondary and university education.
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| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 2.26 | 2.29 | 3.17 | .. |
| Population growth (annual %) | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.6 | .. |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 117.6 | 117.6 | 117.6 | 117.6 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 22.4 | 22.7 | 31.4 | 35.1 |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | 69 | .. | .. | .. |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 50 | 55 | 62 | 66 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 6.5 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 112 | 89 | 67 | 49 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 8 | 9 | .. |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 28 | 34 | .. |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 153 | 85 | 55 | 41 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 36.9 | 34.3 | 39.4 | .. |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 34 | 76 | 95 | 99 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 49 | 76 | 60 |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 32.2 | 80.3 | 83.7 | 68.4 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 20 | 35 | 52 | 48 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 16.2 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 10.6 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 3 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | 17.8 | 20.8 | 20.8 |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.8 | 5.7 | 3.3 | .. |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 389 | 309 | 234 | .. |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 0 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.23 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 54 | 75 | 86 | .. |
| Net migration (thousands) | -315 | 227 | -246 | -199 |