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class="container"> <div class="section text_post_block"> <h2 align="center" class="section_title section_title_big">Republic of Ecuador</h2> <div> <div align="center"> <table width="65%" border="0" cellspacing="12" cellpadding="12"> <tr> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Index.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Information@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="34%"><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Economy@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td width="33%"><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Geography@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Index.html">Basic</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Economy.html">Economy</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Geo.html">Geography</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Government@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/History@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href=MILITARY.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Military@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Gov.html">Government</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="History1.html">History</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="MILITARY.html">Military</a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/People@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Tourism@2x.png" width="50" height="50"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html"><img src="../NationByNationIcons/Transportation@2x.png" width="51" height="50"></a></div></td> </tr> <td><div align="center"><a href="Population.html">People</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="Tourism.html">Tourism</a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="transportation.html">Transportation</a></div></td> </table> </div> <div align="center"></div> <td width="445"> <p> </p> <h1 align="center">Government</h1> <div align="left"></div></td> </div> </div></div> <div class="container"> <p><br> <br> <strong>Country name</strong><br> conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador</p> <p>conventional short form: Ecuador</p> <p>local long form: Republica del Ecuador</p> <p>local short form: Ecuador</p> <p>etymology: the country's position on the globe, straddling the Equator, accounts for its Spanish name</p> <p><strong>Government type</strong><br> presidential republic</p> <p><strong>Capital</strong><br> name: Quito</p> <p>geographic coordinates: 0 13 S, 78 30 W</p> <p>time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)</p> <p>time zone note: Ecuador has two time zones, including the Galapagos Islands (UTC-6)</p> <p>etymology: named after the Quitus, a Pre-Columbian indigenous people credited with founding the city</p> <p>Administrative divisions<br> 24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe</p> <p><strong>Independence</strong><br> 24 May 1822 (from Spain)</p> <p>National holiday<br> Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)</p> <p><strong>Constitution</strong><br> history: many previous; latest approved 20 October 2008</p> <p>amendments: proposed by the president of the republic through a referendum, by public petition of at least 1% of registered voters, or by agreement of at least one-third membership of the National Assembly; passage requires two separate readings a year apart and approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, and approval by absolute majority in a referendum; amendments such as changes to the structure of the state, constraints on personal rights and guarantees, or constitutional amendment procedures are not allowed; amended 2011, 2015, 2018</p> <p><strong>Legal system</strong><br> civil law based on the Chilean civil code with modifications; traditional law in indigenous communities</p> <p>International law organization participation<br> has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction</p> <p><strong>Citizenship</strong><br> citizenship by birth: yes</p> <p>citizenship by descent only: yes</p> <p>dual citizenship recognized: no</p> <p>residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years</p> <p><strong>Suffrage</strong><br> 18-65 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-18, over 65, and other eligible voters, voluntary</p> <p><strong>Executive branch</strong><br> chief of state: President Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (since 24 May 2021); Vice President Alfredo Enrique BORRERO Vega (since 24 May 2021); the president is both chief of state and head of government</p> <p>head of government: President Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (since 24 May 2021); Vice President Alfredo Enrique BORRERO Vega (since 24 May 2021)</p> <p>cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president</p> <p>elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 February 2021 with a runoff on 11 April 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)</p> <p>election results:<br> 2021: Guillermo LASSO Mendoza elected president; first round election results: percent of vote - Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 32.72%, Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 19.74%, Yaku PEREZ Guartambel (MUPP) 19.38%, Xavier HERVAS Mora (Independent) 15.68%, other 12.48%; second round election results: percent of vote - Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 52.5%, Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 47.5%</p> <p>2017: Lenin MORENO Garces elected president in second round; percent of vote - Lenin MORENO Garces (Alianza PAIS Movement) 51.1%, Guillermo LASSO (CREO) 48.9%</p> <p><strong>Legislative branch</strong><br> description: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (137 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 15 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote, and 6 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies for Ecuadorians living abroad by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)</p> <p>elections: last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)</p> <p>election results: percent of vote by party - UNES 32.21%, MUPP 16.81%, ID 11.98%, PSC 9.73%, CREO 9.65%, MC-PSE 3.76%, other 15.86%; seats by party - UNES 49, MUPP 27, ID 18, PSC 18, CREO 12, MC-PSE 2, independents 3, other 8; composition - men 85, women 52, percent of women 38%; note - defections by members of National Assembly are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties</p> <p><strong>Judicial branch</strong><br> highest courts: National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (consists of 21 judges, including the chief justice and organized into 5 specialized chambers); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitucional (consists of 9 judges)</p> <p>judge selection and term of office: justices of National Court of Justice elected by the Judiciary Council, a 9-member independent body of law professionals; judges elected for 9-year, non-renewable terms, with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the executive, legislative, and Citizen Participation branches of government; judges appointed for 9-year non-renewable terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years</p> <p>subordinate courts: Fiscal Tribunal; Election Dispute Settlement Courts, provincial courts (one for each province); cantonal courts</p> <p><strong>Political parties and leaders</strong><br> Alianza PAIS movement [Lenin Voltaire MORENO Garces]<br> Avanza Party or AVANZA [Ramiro GONZALEZ]<br> Central Democratic Movement or CD [Jimmy JAIRALA]<br> Citizen Revolution Movement or MRC [Rafael CORREA]<br> Creating Opportunities Movement or CREO [Guillermo LASSO]<br> Democratic Left or ID<br> Forward Ecuador Movement [Alvaro NOBOA]<br> Fuerza Ecuador [Abdala BUCARAM] (successor to Roldosist Party)<br> Honesty Alliance or MC-PSE (alliance including Concertation Movement or MC and Socialist Party of Ecuador or PSE)<br> Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement or MUPP [Marlon Rene SANTI Gualinga]<br> Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Gilmar GUTIERREZ Borbua]<br> Popular Democracy Movement or MPD [Luis VILLACIS]<br> Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO]<br> Socialist Party [Patricio ZABRANO]<br> Society United for More Action or SUMA [Mauricio RODAS]<br> Union of Hope or UNES (coalition of left-leaning parties)</p> </div> </div> </div> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3974071567099242" data-ad-slot="5027193468"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <footer class="footer footer_3">  <footer class="footer footer_3">  <div class="footer_bottom_part"> <div class="container clearfix"> </div> </div>  <div class="footer_bottom_part"> <div class="container clearfix"> <p>© 1996-2023 <span>Historycentral.com Inc</span>. 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