>BrAzil
People
Four major groups make up the Brazilian population: the Portuguese, who colonized in the 16th century; Africans brought to Brazil as slaves; various other European, Middle Eastern, and Asian immigrant groups who have settled in Brazil since the mid-19th century; and indigenous people of Tupi and Guarani language stock. Intermarriage between the Portuguese and indigenous people or slaves was common. Although the major European ethnic stock of Brazil was once Portuguese, subsequent waves of immigration have contributed to a diverse ethnic and cultural heritage.
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| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 1.38 | 1.73 | 2.01 | 2.25 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 581.7 | 581.7 | 581.7 | 581.7 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 2.4 | 3 | 3.6 | 4 |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 65 | 70 | 74 | 76 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 83 | 80 | 68 | 63 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | 59 | .. | 80 | 80 |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 70 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 64 | 36 | 20 | 15 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 5.3 | 3.7 | 2.2 | .. |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 78 | 99 | 99 | 96 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 112 | .. | .. |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | .. | 150.8 | 132.5 | 115.3 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | .. | 110 | 95 | 100 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 5,467.10 | 5,212.70 | 4,984.60 | 4,935.40 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 20.7 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 0.6 | 1 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 939 | 1,069 | 1,351 | 1,485 |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 1.4 | 1.87 | 2.13 | 2.59 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,457 | 1,892 | 2,361 | 2,601 |