Iraq
People
At least 95% percent of population adheres to some form of Islam. Government gives number of Shias as 55% but probably 60% to 65% is reasonable figure. Most Iraqi Shias are Arabs. Almost all Kurds, approximately 19% of population, are Sunnis, together with about 13% Sunni Arabs. Total Arab population in 1987 given by government as 76%. Remainder of population small numbers of Turkomans, mostly Sunni Muslims; Assyrians and Armenians, predominantly Christians; Yazidis, of Kurdish stock with a syncretistic faith; and a few Jews.
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| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 56.37 | 65.62 | 73.76 | 83.99 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 1,745.20 | 1,745.20 | 1,745.20 | 1,745.20 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 34.6 | 40.3 | 45.3 | 51.6 |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 6 |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 64 | 70 | 74 | 77 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.7 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 87 | 37 | 33 | 41 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 49 | 74 | 77 | .. |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 90 | 96 | .. |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 58 | 36 | 19 | 13 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 9.5 | 4.1 | .. |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 85 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 84 | 91 | 99 | 99 |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 105.1 | 101.2 | 100.7 | 110.7 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 53 | 78 | 81 | 86 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 90.8 | 93.3 | 106.9 | 107.5 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 7.7 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 53.4 | 70.7 | 72.3 | 72.3 |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.7 | 2.4 | 2 | 1.9 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 1,230 | 1,875 | 2,769 | .. |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 3.18 | 5.19 | 7.47 | 7.69 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 941 | 1,547 | 2,660 | .. |